IEP vs. 504 — What’s the Difference?

Parents often ask whether their child needs an IEP or a 504 plan. Here’s a side-by-side comparison to make the differences clear.

Quick Comparison

Category IEP (Individualized Education Program) 504 Plan
Law Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Purpose Provides specialized instruction, services, and accommodations for students who need them to make educational progress. Provides accommodations and support to ensure equal access to learning, without changing what the student is taught.
Eligibility Student must have one of 13 qualifying disabilities under IDEA and need special education services. Student has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities (broader eligibility).
Plan Contents Includes goals, services, accommodations, modifications, progress monitoring, transition planning (age 16+). Lists accommodations and supports (like extra time, seating, health supports, technology), but no individualized goals.
Team IEP team: parent, teachers, special education provider, district rep, sometimes student. 504 team: parents, teachers, counselors/admin; usually fewer required members.
Enforcement Legally binding. Parents can pursue due process under IDEA. Legally binding. Complaints handled through local grievance procedures or OCR (Office for Civil Rights).

Did you know?

A student who doesn’t qualify for an IEP may still qualify for a 504 Plan. Many students with ADHD, anxiety, or medical conditions get support through 504 even if they don’t need special education.

Which One Is Right for My Child?

Choose an IEP if your child needs specialized instruction, significant curriculum modifications, or related services like speech therapy, occupational therapy, or counseling.

Choose a 504 Plan if your child can succeed in the general classroom with accommodations like extended time, small-group testing, or health-related supports.

Some students may start with a 504 Plan and later move to an IEP, or vice versa, depending on their needs.

Next Steps